France strike: Protests turn violent as industrial action causes travel chaos
Flights, trains and buses have all been hit by the biggest wave of industrial action France has faced for decades.
Thursday 5 December 2019 20:35, UK
Police have been seen dragging and beating protesters as demonstrations in Paris turned violent.
Officers deployed tear gas and used pepper spray as demonstrators threw projectiles and firecrackers.
More than 180,000 union members took to the streets as part of a general strike across the country which led to widespread chaos.
Thousands of protesters marched towards Place de la Nation into the evening.
French public sector workers began the walkouts on Thursday over President Emmanuel Macron's plans to reform the nation's pension system.
The president says the system is unfair and too costly. He wants a single, points-based system under which for each euro contributed, every pensioner has equal rights.
The current system allows rail workers, mariners and Paris Opera House ballet dancers to retire up to a decade earlier than the average worker.
Railway and airport workers, firefighters, teachers, truck drivers and medics are among those who joined the action.
Yellow vest protest groups, or "Gilets Jaunes", who brought much of Paris to a halt last year, were also there.
The demonstrations began peacefully as protesters marched along the Boulevard de Magenta.
But the atmosphere shifted when protesters wearing black clothing and protective gear began smashing bus stops and store fronts near the Place de la Republique.
Police struggled to control a number of fires set by demonstrators in the area and had cordoned off the square by the early evening.
The action is expected to paralyse the nation for days, as flights, trains and buses face the biggest wave of industrial action the country has seen for decades.
There are no tickets available on Eurostar trains until Tuesday, with the company saying it has cancelled almost 100 services between now and then.
Airlines including Easyjet, British Airways and Ryanair have opted to cancel many of their flights to and from France, while Air France has said up to a third of its domestic flights would be cancelled.
Signs at Paris Charles de Gaulle Airport showed "cancelled" notices.
A number of P&O Ferries services from Dover to Calais were delayed due to the industrial action.
The firm advised people to check its Twitter page for updates.
The SNCF railway company earlier said it expected nine out of 10 high-speed trains to be cancelled and said its services were "severely disrupted".
Most of the subway system in Paris is also affected.
Commuters in Paris got out their bicycles, turned to carpooling apps or worked from home to avoid the crush on the limited train and metro services.
All businesses, cafes and restaurants along the route in Paris were ordered to close for the day by police.
Hotels across Paris have reported receiving cancellations from tourists who have decided against travelling to France during the industrial action.
"For 30 years successive governments have tried to bring reform and fail because the unions cripple the country," said 56-year-old cafe owner Isabelle Guibal.
"People can work around it today and tomorrow, but next week people may get annoyed."
Elsewhere around France, thousands of red-vested union activists marched through cities from Marseille on the Mediterranean to Lille in the north.
Riot police in Nantes, western France, fired tear gas at masked protesters who hurled projectiles at them.
In Lyon and Marseille, thousands more protesters carried banners that read: "Don't touch our pensions".
Ghislain Coutard, who started the yellow vest movement, told Sky News on Wednesday the protests could lead to a "new beginning" for his country.
"For me, it's make or break. This is either a new beginning or it's the end," he said.
The national strike across France comes as thousands of rail passengers in southern England face misery as a 27-day walkout until New Year's Day by South Western Railway staff entered its fourth day.